The very first Saturday Night Live in 1975 featured a mock-commercial with George Carlin making fun of the Gillette Trac II, which was the first two-blade razor. SNL spoofed it with a fake three-blade razor called the Triple-Trac, and closed with a tagline, “The Triple-Trac. Because You’ll Believe Anything”.
Twenty-three years later, in 1998, Gillette launched the Mach3 razor, the first three-blade razor. I heard a Gillette executive give a talk about the Mach3 soon after launch, and he talked in gushing terms about the innovation. When it came time for questions, someone in the audience asked, “What’s next? 4 blades? 5 blades?” Everyone in the room laughed … except for the guy from Gillette. He replied in complete seriousness, “I can’t comment”.
As it turns out, Wilkinson/Schick launched a four-blade Quattro in 2004, which prompted The Onion to poke fun at the Gillette president with a mock-commentary, “Fuck Everything, We’re Doing Five Blades”. And then three years later in 2006, Gillette actually launched a five-blade razor, the Fusion, along with a motorized five-blade version called Fusion Power. Truth is stranger than fiction.
Feature proliferation is the name of the game in new product development. Most innovation in the market is composed of incremental improvements to what’s been done before. Yet those new features often outpace what the consumers actually want. In the case of the Fusion, Gillette had to launch a marketing campaign specifically targeted to their own Mach3 consumers. Instead of campaigning to steal share from competitors, they had to practically beg their own consumers who were plenty happy with the earlier Mach3 to upgrade to the more expensive Fusion. They over-served the market.
As Clayton Christensen argues in the Innovator’s Dilemma, the best move when the market is over-served is to innovate from below, not to join the new feature arms race. Less can be more. Simplicity is the killer app.
The Economist ran a recent article on this effect in consumer technology, “In Praise of Techno-Austerity”:
“There are signs that technologists are waking up to the benefits of minimalism, thanks to two things: feature fatique among consumers who simply want things to work, and strong demand from less affluent consumers in the developing world. It is telling that the market value of Apple, the company most closely associated with simple, elegant high-tech products, recently overtook that of Microsoft, the company with the most notorious case of new-featuritis”.
This feature fatique carries to every consumer market, which creates opportunity for brands that think outside the new feature arms race. My favorite recent innovation is Vibram Five Fingers, a barefoot running shoe. Rather than engage in the feature one-up-manship of Nike and Adidas, Vibram launched a minimalist product that completely rethinks the nature of a running shoe.
How can you launch the Five Fingers, Wii, or Flip for your category? Focus your energy there, not on adding a sixth or seventh razor blade.
Tom says
Serendipity. Both of the products mentioned in your post have crossed my path lately. After 20 years of using an electric shavers (a product category suffering it’s own ‘innovation glut’ – see the self-cleaning models), I bought a Gillette Power Fusion. I guess the vibrating Power Fusion made it feel like an electric. I wasn’t enamored with it, but Gillette has now released a Powerglide Fusion razor with thinner blades, and by gosh, it is an improvement. I just might stick with this.
Last week, a video crew was on site to shoot a promo. One of the crew was wearing Vibrams and he raved about them. Of course he’s a ‘creative type’ so he can get away with wearing them on the job. I doubt they will go over well in the board room, and I told him that. We joked that maybe Vibram needs to develop a wing-tip model. Oh no! Innovation creep!
Motyka Johnson says
Great post. I think most brands competing in mature markets are realizing the power of simplicity. I agree with your identification of root causes behind this movement: “feature fatique among consumers who simply want things to work, and strong demand from less affluent consumers in the developing world.” Although, I think the reference to developing world is more of a nod to emerging markets in Brazil, India and NDC countries.
Brands that flourished through the US recession and continue to command their markets tend to be second movers with marketing messages along the lines of “affordable and easy to use.” that appeal to less affluent consumer in the US, such as Cricket cellular phone service offered by Leap Wireless International, Inc.
Even consumer package goods tend to be moving toward using less complex packaging and simpler formulas that position their new products as more affordable and easy to use.
Bryan Jacobson says
Wow! Minimalism is so important, and so often missed. The iPad is interesting because it does less and is smaller. Twitter. Just 140 chars period. (I found this note because someone tweeted it.) Google docs, fewer features, and better for it.
So many software products that do too much, and do most of it rather poorly.
A few products that know what their real value is, do that, and don’t try to do everything else.
Ian Farmer says
Have just been reading (or listening to the audio book) of “Made to Stick” which quotes Simple as a key factor in sucessful ideas
http://www.madetostick.com/
I think their principles apply here
Whitney Hess says
Tom, have you ever seen this cartoon?
http://www.offthemarkcartoons.com/cartoons/2008-08-30.gif
Tom Fishburne says
Thanks, Whitney, no I hadn’t seen that. Very funny!